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Before COP31: moving Türkiye’s transport sector from plans to projects
November 2026, 6 min read
On 9 November, Antalya opens COP31. Most of the attention will be on the negotiations. For Türkiye, though, one of the clearest tests of climate ambition is much closer to home: how people and goods move around the country.
Why transport matters
Transport produces roughly a sixth of Türkiye’s greenhouse gas emissions, and most of it comes from road traffic, particularly freight. The sector’s emissions roughly tripled between 1990 and 2019, and oil still supplies almost all of the energy it uses. Across the whole economy, emissions rose by 5.3% in 2024 to 584.5 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalent.
Transport is also harder to change than a power plant or a steelworks. Its emissions come from millions of vehicles, thousands of operators and dozens of public bodies, from ministries to municipalities. No single policy can fix it.
The framework is largely in place
Over the past two years, Türkiye has put much of the policy architecture together:
- The Climate Law (No. 7552), adopted in 2025, creates the legal basis for a national emissions trading system and a green taxonomy, and makes local climate action plans mandatory for provinces.
- The Second Nationally Determined Contribution caps national emissions at 643 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalent in 2035, on the path to net zero by 2053.
- The 2053 Transport and Logistics Master Plan aims to lift rail’s share of passenger transport from under 1% to over 6%, and of domestic freight from about 3% to around 22%.
- The Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure is preparing a sector-wide net zero roadmap, covering road, rail, air, maritime and urban mobility, through an EU-funded technical assistance project.
The market is moving too: electric vehicles made up around 17% of new car sales in 2025.
The gap is delivery
Strategies don’t cut emissions; projects do. In more than twenty years on EU-funded projects, including leading the İklimIN climate action project, where we trained stakeholders in 20 provinces and supported 37 grant projects run by municipalities, CSOs and universities, I’ve seen that the hardest part is rarely writing the strategy. It is turning it into a pipeline of well-prepared projects, each with an owner, a budget and a way to measure results. In transport, three gaps stand out.
Local capacity. Much of the practical work, such as bus fleets, cycling infrastructure, parking policy and urban logistics, sits with municipalities. Now that local climate action plans are mandatory, many will need support to turn those plans into fundable transport projects.
Project preparation. International funders want to finance sustainable transport, but they need projects with clear objectives, credible feasibility work and realistic procurement plans. Weak preparation is one of the most common reasons good ideas never reach implementation.
Data and monitoring. With emissions trading and NDC reporting, institutions will need reliable data on transport emissions and on what their projects actually achieve. Without a baseline and good indicators, results are hard to prove and harder to scale.
What would help
- Link every strategy measure to a project pipeline. Each action in the roadmap should have a responsible institution, a timeline and a likely funding source.
- Invest in the people who implement. Practical training in project cycle management, proposal development and procurement for ministry and municipal staff pays back quickly.
- Use grant schemes to test and scale. Small grants can let municipalities and civil society pilot low-emission logistics, active mobility or cleaner public transport, and generate the evidence larger investments need.
- Build monitoring in from day one. Indicators and data collection are far cheaper to design at the start than to reconstruct at the end.
After Antalya
COP31 will put Türkiye’s climate commitments in front of a global audience. Its most lasting effect, though, may be at home: if the attention it brings turns into well-prepared, well-managed transport projects, the 2035 and 2053 targets become far more credible.
If you’re working on transport or climate projects in Türkiye and need support with project design, management or capacity building, get in touch.